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<td class="header-group page-location"><a href="../refmanual.html" class="navigation-link">Front Page</a> / <a href="./metafunctions.html" class="navigation-link">Metafunctions</a> / <a href="./composition-and-argument-binding.html" class="navigation-link">Composition and Argument Binding</a> / <a href="./bind.html" class="navigation-link">bind</a></td>
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<div class="section" id="bind">
<h1><a class="toc-backref" href="./composition-and-argument-binding.html#id1531">bind</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="id929">
<h3><a class="subsection-title" href="#synopsis" name="synopsis">Synopsis</a></h3>
<pre class="literal-block">
template&lt;
      typename F
    &gt;
struct bind0
{
    // <em>unspecified</em>
    // <em>...</em>
};

template&lt;
      typename F, typename A1
    &gt;
struct bind1
{
    // <em>unspecified</em>
    // <em>...</em>
};

<em>...</em>

template&lt;
      typename F, typename A1,<em>...</em> typename An
    &gt;
struct <a href="./bind.html" class="identifier">bind</a><em>n</em>
{
    // <em>unspecified</em>
    // <em>...</em>
};

template&lt;
      typename F
    , typename A1 = <em>unspecified</em>
    <em>...</em>
    , typename An = <em>unspecified</em>
    &gt;
struct <a href="./bind.html" class="identifier">bind</a>
{
    // <em>unspecified</em>
    // <em>...</em>
};
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id930">
<h3><a class="subsection-title" href="#description" name="description">Description</a></h3>
<p><tt class="literal"><span class="pre"><a href="./bind.html" class="identifier">bind</a></span></tt> is a higher-order primitive for <a class="reference internal" href="./metafunction-class.html">Metafunction Class</a> composition
and argument binding. In essence, it's a compile-time counterpart of
the similar run-time functionality provided by <a class="reference external" href="http://www.boost.org/libs/bind/bind.html" target="_top">Boost.Bind</a> and <a class="reference external" href="http://www.boost.org/libs/lambda/doc/index.html" target="_top">Boost.Lambda</a>
libraries.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id931">
<h3><a class="subsection-title" href="#header" name="header">Header</a></h3>
<pre class="literal-block">
#include &lt;<a href="../../../../boost/mpl/bind.hpp" class="header">boost/mpl/bind.hpp</a>&gt;
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id932">
<h3><a class="subsection-title" href="#model-of" name="model-of">Model of</a></h3>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="./metafunction-class.html">Metafunction Class</a></p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id933">
<h3><a class="subsection-title" href="#parameters" name="parameters">Parameters</a></h3>
<table border="1" class="docutils table">
<colgroup>
<col width="15%" />
<col width="36%" />
<col width="48%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr><th class="head">Parameter</th>
<th class="head">Requirement</th>
<th class="head">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">F</span></tt></td>
<td><a class="reference internal" href="./metafunction-class.html">Metafunction Class</a></td>
<td>An metafunction class to perform binding on.</td>
</tr>
<tr><td><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">A1</span></tt>,... <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">An</span></tt></td>
<td>Any type</td>
<td>Arguments to bind.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id934">
<h3><a class="subsection-title" href="#expression-semantics" name="expression-semantics">Expression semantics</a></h3>
<p>For any <a class="reference internal" href="./metafunction-class.html">Metafunction Class</a> <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">f</span></tt> and arbitrary types <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">a1</span></tt>,... <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">an</span></tt>:</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
typedef <a href="./bind.html" class="identifier">bind</a>&lt;f,a1,...a<em>n</em>&gt; g;
typedef <a href="./bind.html" class="identifier">bind</a><em>n</em>&lt;f,a1,...a<em>n</em>&gt; g;
</pre>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Return type:</th><td class="field-body"><a class="reference internal" href="./metafunction-class.html">Metafunction Class</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table class="docutils field-list" frame="void" id="bind-semantics" rules="none">
<col class="field-name" />
<col class="field-body" />
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="field"><th class="field-name">Semantics:</th><td class="field-body"><p class="first">Equivalent to</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct g
{
    template&lt;
          typename U1 = <em>unspecified</em>
        <em>...</em>
        , typename U<em>n</em> = <em>unspecified</em>
        &gt;
    struct <a href="./apply.html" class="identifier">apply</a>
        : <a href="./apply-wrap.html" class="identifier">apply_wrap</a><em>n</em>&lt;
              typename h0&lt;f,U1,<em>...</em>U<em>n</em>&gt;::type
            , typename h1&lt;a1,U1,<em>...</em>U<em>n</em>&gt;::type
            <em>...</em>
            , typename h<em>n</em>&lt;a<em>n</em>,U1,<em>...</em>U<em>n</em>&gt;::type
            >
    {
    };
};
</pre>
<p>where <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">h</span></tt><em>k</em> is equivalent to</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
template&lt; typename X, typename U1,<em>...</em> typename U<em>n</em> &gt; struct h<em>k</em>
    : <a href="./apply-wrap.html" class="identifier">apply_wrap</a><em>n</em>&lt;X,U1,<em>...</em>U<em>n</em>&gt;
{
};
</pre>
<p>if <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">f</span></tt> or <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">a</span></tt><em>k</em> is a <a class="reference internal" href="./terminology.html#bind-expression">bind expression</a> or a <a class="reference internal" href="./placeholders.html#placeholder">placeholder</a>, and</p>
<pre class="literal-block">
template&lt; typename X, typename U1,<em>...</em> typename U<em>n</em> &gt; struct h<em>k</em>
{
    typedef X type;
};
</pre>
<p class="last">otherwise. [<em>Note:</em> Every <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">n</span></tt>th appearance of the <a class="reference internal" href="./placeholders.html">unnamed placeholder</a>
in the <tt class="literal"><span class="pre"><a href="./bind.html" class="identifier">bind</a>&lt;f,a1,...an&gt;</span></tt> specialization is replaced with the corresponding
numbered placeholder <tt class="literal"><span class="pre">_</span></tt><em>n</em> — <em>end note</em>]</p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id936">
<h3><a class="subsection-title" href="#example" name="example">Example</a></h3>
<pre class="literal-block">
struct f1
{
    template&lt; typename T1 &gt; struct <a href="./apply.html" class="identifier">apply</a>
    {
        typedef T1 type;
    };
};

struct f5
{
    template&lt; typename T1, typename T2, typename T3, typename T4, typename T5 &gt;
    struct <a href="./apply.html" class="identifier">apply</a>
    {
        typedef T5 type;
    };
};

typedef <a href="./apply-wrap.html" class="identifier">apply_wrap</a><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt>&lt;
      <a href="./bind.html" class="identifier">bind</a><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt>&lt;f1,<a href="./placeholders.html" class="identifier">_1</a>&gt;
    , int
    &gt;::type r11;

typedef <a href="./apply-wrap.html" class="identifier">apply_wrap</a><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">5</span></tt>&lt;
      <a href="./bind.html" class="identifier">bind</a><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">1</span></tt>&lt;f1,<a href="./placeholders.html" class="identifier">_5</a>&gt;
    , void,void,void,void,int
    &gt;::type r12;

<a href="./assert.html" class="identifier">BOOST_MPL_ASSERT</a>(( is_same&lt;r11,int&gt; ));
<a href="./assert.html" class="identifier">BOOST_MPL_ASSERT</a>(( is_same&lt;r12,int&gt; ));

typedef <a href="./apply-wrap.html" class="identifier">apply_wrap</a><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">5</span></tt>&lt;
      <a href="./bind.html" class="identifier">bind</a><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">5</span></tt>&lt;f5,<a href="./placeholders.html" class="identifier">_1</a>,<a href="./placeholders.html" class="identifier">_2</a>,<a href="./placeholders.html" class="identifier">_3</a>,<a href="./placeholders.html" class="identifier">_4</a>,<a href="./placeholders.html" class="identifier">_5</a>&gt;
    , void,void,void,void,int
    &gt;::type r51;

typedef <a href="./apply-wrap.html" class="identifier">apply_wrap</a><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">5</span></tt>&lt;
      <a href="./bind.html" class="identifier">bind</a><tt class="literal"><span class="pre">5</span></tt>&lt;f5,<a href="./placeholders.html" class="identifier">_5</a>,<a href="./placeholders.html" class="identifier">_4</a>,<a href="./placeholders.html" class="identifier">_3</a>,<a href="./placeholders.html" class="identifier">_2</a>,<a href="./placeholders.html" class="identifier">_1</a>&gt;
    , int,void,void,void,void
    &gt;::type r52;

<a href="./assert.html" class="identifier">BOOST_MPL_ASSERT</a>(( is_same&lt;r51,int&gt; ));
<a href="./assert.html" class="identifier">BOOST_MPL_ASSERT</a>(( is_same&lt;r52,int&gt; ));
</pre>
</div>
<div class="section" id="id937">
<h3><a class="subsection-title" href="#see-also" name="see-also">See also</a></h3>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="./composition-and-argument-binding.html">Composition and Argument Binding</a>, <a class="reference internal" href="./invocation.html">invocation</a>, <a class="reference internal" href="./placeholders.html">Placeholders</a>, <a class="reference internal" href="./lambda.html">lambda</a>, <a class="reference internal" href="./quote.html">quote</a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="./protect.html">protect</a>, <a class="reference internal" href="./apply.html">apply</a>, <a class="reference internal" href="./apply-wrap.html">apply_wrap</a></p>
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